Welcome, parents and caregivers. During Childhood Immunization Month (August), we know your child’s health and well-being is a top priority. In a world overflowing with information, you deserve to feel confident in your healthcare decisions.
We understand you approach your child’s care thoughtfully, and many have questions about vaccine schedules, ingredients, or potential effects.
This month, we offer clear, factual, and reliable information. Our goal is to equip you with the knowledge needed to make informed choices that align with your family’s priorities.
July 2025
Many parents and caregivers have questions about vaccines. In our interconnected communities, where the well-being of families is a shared value, the Essex County Health Department is committed to providing clear and reliable health information. We are launching a new public service announcement (PSA) featuring local pediatrician Michael Celotti, DO.
Dr. Celotti is available to answer questions and support families in making informed decisions.
Parents/caregivers’ most frequently asked questions and answers.
Click each box to reveal the answer
What is the difference between immunization and vaccination?
While the terms are often used interchangeably, vaccination is the act of giving a vaccine, while immunization is the process of becoming protected against a disease through vaccination. In essence, vaccination is the method, and immunization is the outcome.
Can getting so many vaccines at one time harm my baby?
No, giving your baby multiple vaccines at once is safe. Their immune system is strong and easily handles the small number of vaccine antigens, which is far less than what they encounter daily. Vaccines are thoroughly tested and protect your baby from serious diseases.
What are common side effects of vaccines?
Vaccines, like any medication, may cause some side effects. Most of these side effects are very minor, like soreness where the shot was given, fussiness, or a low-grade fever. These side effects typically only last a couple of days and are treatable. For example, you can apply a cool, wet washcloth on the sore area to ease discomfort.
Are the ingredients in vaccines safe?
Vaccines are made of the active ingredient (which causes the immune response that gives you protection), ingredients that help the vaccine work well and ingredients that prevent contamination and make the vaccine last longer.
Vaccines typically contain:
Antigen/active ingredient: The part that teaches your body to fight infection (e.g., whole or partial virus/bacterium, or mRNA instructions).
Adjuvants: Substances (like aluminum salts) that boost the vaccine's effectiveness.
Stabilizers: (e.g., gelatin) to keep the vaccine effective during storage.
Trace amounts from manufacturing: (e.g., egg proteins, formaldehyde) from the production process.
If other children are vaccinated, what is the role of my child's vaccination?
Even if many people get vaccinated, not vaccinating your child has risks. While many are protected because others are vaccinated, it's not foolproof. Vulnerable people, like babies or those with weak immune systems, rely on others being vaccinated. Unvaccinated children can still be exposed to diseases in other areas they travel to and can spread those diseases, which can lead to outbreaks.
Can a parent delay some vaccines or follow a non-standard schedule?
Delaying or spacing out childhood vaccinations does not provide proven benefits and can leave children vulnerable to diseases during that time
**Our Department serves as a safety net provider. This means, if you can’t get an appointment at your regular healthcare provider, health center or local pharmacy, we can serve you.
